Solar Storm Alert: Prepare for Geomagnetic Disturbances and Auroras
As we move closer to the Solar Maximum expected in 2025, heightened solar activity has become increasingly obvious. Recent forecasts from NOAA alerted that there is a possibility of significant solar activity impacting Earth‘s magnetosphere. With two minor Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) expected to graze Earth’s magnetic field on April 14th, the potential for geomagnetic storms and radio blackouts has increased.
NOAA forecasters have indicated that there are likely periods of G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storms expected on April 14-15 due to influences from CMEs and Coronal Hole High-Speed Streams (CH HSS). Additionally, there is a chance for R1-R2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackouts over the period from April 14-16. These solar phenomena could affect satellite communications and navigation systems on Earth, particularly on the night side.
This has been further confirmed by SpaceWeather.com report, “A geomagnetic storm is possible on April 14th when two minor CMEs are expected to graze Earth’s magnetic field. The storm clouds were hurled toward Earth by magnetic filament eruptions on April 11th and 12th.” While neither CME is considered particularly potent on its own, however, their combined impact could result in a G1-class geomagnetic storm.
Auroras Expected
Space weather expert Dr. Tamitha Skov while taking to X (aka Twitter) said, “Not just one, but now two #solarstorms are headed for Earth. NASA & NOAA predictions agree this second storm should arrive mid-day April 14 UTC time.” Dr. Skov further highlighted the potential for auroras to be visible down to mid-latitudes due to this “1,2-punch” of solar storms.
While the auroras promise a mesmerising sight, these solar storms may also cause minor disruptions to certain technologies. NOAA forecasters have warned of a chance for R1-R2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackouts throughout April 14-16. Dr. Skov also cautioned about potential GPS and HF radio issues on Earth’s nightside, urging vigilance during this period.
How Do NOAA Observe Solar Activity
NOAA satellites keep a close eye on the sun to track solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These unpredictable events can reach Earth swiftly, sometimes within minutes. Using this data, NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center provides forecasts and alerts about solar activity.
The GOES satellites play a vital role in this monitoring. They are equipped with extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS) to track the Sun’s radiation, serving as an early warning system for solar flares. Space Environmental In-Situ Suite (SEISS) to assess risks of electrostatic discharge and radiation to astronauts and satellites and a Magnetometer to measure Earth’s magnetic field.
Moreover, NOAA’s upcoming satellite, GOES-U, will feature a new instrument called a compact coronagraph (CCOR-1). This instrument will study the sun’s corona by blocking its light, similar to a total solar eclipse. CCOR-1 will enhance our ability to detect and understand CMEs, providing crucial information about potential geomagnetic storms.
Daisy Hips is a science communicator who brings the wonders of the natural world to readers. Her articles explore breakthroughs in various scientific disciplines, from space exploration to environmental conservation. Daisy is also an advocate for science education and enjoys stargazing in her spare time.
